Introduction: cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in developed and several of developing countries and estimates for 40 - 45% of that. In Iran statistics shows high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular diseases with accidents are the most important causes of mortality.Health deputy of Ministry of Health reported 70000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases in 2007. Also cardiovascular diseases are one of the most causes of impairment.Discussion: cardiovascular impairment is high in Iran because of high rate of cardiovascular diseases, but unfortunately, it has not been paied attention yet and there is no known functional way for impairment assessment.Conclusion: Impairment and disability assessment is a complex and difficult method and physicians should assess impairment based on patients' history, physical and Paraclinical findings, but a team work is necessary for determination of disability based on multiple aspects such as impairment, psychosocial and job of patients.

Introduction: The proper development and function of the central nervous system (CNS) depends fundamentally on the activity of parenchymal sentinels called microglia. Microglia currently have the greatest ability and capability compared to other cells in the CNS, with the capacity to adapt morphologically and functionally to their changing environment. Even at rest, microglia cells are highly dynamic and constantly survey the condition in the CNS. Following injury, these cells rapidly change morphology and migrate towards the site of injury. Any injury to the CNS is accompanied by the release of mediators that serve as signals for the activation or chemotaxis of microglia. They can communicate with neurons, astrocytes, and other cells of the immune system through a large number of signaling pathways. Microglia are critical contributors to the homeostasis of the CNS and dysregulation of these cells contributes to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion: microglia are crucial to maintaining CNS homeostasis through their dynamic rapid response to insults. Their ability to interact with various cell types and adapt to environmental changes points to their important role in CNS pathologies, including brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.